This paper derives from the need to foster methodological approaches about affective-sexual education in Primary education which are alternative to those offered by gender ideology. First, the paper approaches the sources of thought and anthropological foundations of gender ideology. Secondly, after highlighting the relevance of environmental factors in the development of sexual identity of children from 2-7 years, some aims of affective- sexual education in early primary education will be presented: the education of decency and the education of chastity. Following the corresponding methodological indications that teachers should consider, these will be proposed as emerging challenges in the formation of the profile of graduates in Primary Education and Special Education.